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                    <h1>docker与kubernetes常用命令集合</h1>
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                    <span  class="meta">Posted by L&#39; on Tuesday, November 20, 2018
                        
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    <li><a href="#docker命令">docker命令</a></li>
    <li><a href="#kubectl命令">kubectl命令</a></li>
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        		<blockquote>
<p>docker与kubernetes常用命令行集合，做个整理，妈妈再也不用担心我记不住命令了。只根据需要记录了主要的命令和参数，应该足够用了，全量的命令列表请参考官方文档</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="docker命令">docker命令</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker images
</code></pre></div><p>列出当前本地的所有镜像</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker ps
</code></pre></div><p>查看当前所有正在运行的容器进程</p>
<ul>
<li>-a：查看所有容器（包含不在运行的）</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker pull nginx:latest
</code></pre></div><p>拉取指定名称及版本的镜像,不指定tag名称时默认拉取latest</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker tag nginx:latest 22.196.66.62:5000/nginx:latest
</code></pre></div><p>标记本地镜像，将其归入某一仓库(比如内网私有仓库)，也会用来给墙外的一些镜像改名（ex:gcr.io）。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker push 22.196.66.62:5000/nginx:latest
</code></pre></div><p>将镜像推送入dockerhub或者私有仓库</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker run -p 8080:80 --name mynginx -d nginx:latest
</code></pre></div><p>运行docker镜像</p>
<ul>
<li>-d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；</li>
<li>-i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；</li>
<li>-p: 端口映射，格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口</li>
<li>-t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；</li>
<li>&ndash;name=&ldquo;mynginx&rdquo;: 为容器指定一个名称；</li>
<li>&ndash;cpuset=&ldquo;0-2&rdquo; or &ndash;cpuset=&ldquo;0,1,2&rdquo;: 绑定容器到指定CPU运行；</li>
<li>-m :设置容器使用内存最大值；</li>
<li>&ndash;net=&ldquo;bridge&rdquo;: 指定容器的网络连接类型，支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型,默认为桥接模式</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker exec -it  mynginx /bin/bash
</code></pre></div><p>以bash方式在容器mynginx中开启一个交互模式的终端</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker rm mynginx
</code></pre></div><p>删除容器，需要该容器此时是stop状态</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker rmi nginx:latest
</code></pre></div><p>删除镜像，需要此时没有该镜像创建的关联容器</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker logs --since<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;2016-07-01&#34;</span> --tail<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">10</span> mynginx
</code></pre></div><p>查看容器日志logs</p>
<ul>
<li>-f : 跟踪日志输出</li>
<li>&ndash;since :显示某个开始时间的所有日志</li>
<li>-t : 显示时间戳</li>
<li>&ndash;tail :仅列出最新N条容器日志</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker build -t myapp:v0.1 .
</code></pre></div><p>构建镜像，需要在当前目录下有Dockerfile文件，.代表为当前路径</p>
<ul>
<li>&ndash;tag, -t: 镜像的名字及标签，通常 name:tag 或者 name 格式；可以在一次构建中为一个镜像设置多个标签</li>
<li>-f :指定要使用的Dockerfile路径</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker save -o mynginx.tar nginx:latest
</code></pre></div><p>将镜像nginx:latest 生成mynginx.tar归档文件</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker load -i mynginx.tar
</code></pre></div><p>从mynginx.tar归档中载入镜像</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">docker cp /www/runoob 96f7f14e99ab:/www/
</code></pre></div><p>将宿主机/www/runoob目录拷贝到容器96f7f14e99ab的/www目录下</p>
<h2 id="kubectl命令">kubectl命令</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl cluster-info
</code></pre></div><p>显示集群信息</p>
<p>k8s中一切皆为对象，对于资源对象操作的关键词分别有get、create、edit、delete等等（传说中的CRUD），下面简单列举一下</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl get pods -o wide
</code></pre></div><p>get关键词，获取默认namespace下的所有pods信息，pods可替换为k8中其他可以操作的对象，对象太多，这边捡主要的说说，下边其他的操作需要操作资源对象都是一样的</p>
<ul>
<li>all  列出全部对象</li>
<li>clusters (valid only for federation apiservers)</li>
<li>configmaps (aka &lsquo;cm&rsquo;)</li>
<li>deployments (aka &lsquo;deploy&rsquo;)</li>
<li>ingresses (aka &lsquo;ing&rsquo;)</li>
<li>jobs</li>
<li>namespaces (aka &lsquo;ns&rsquo;)</li>
<li>nodes (aka &lsquo;no&rsquo;)</li>
<li>persistentvolumeclaims (aka &lsquo;pvc&rsquo;)</li>
<li>persistentvolumes (aka &lsquo;pv&rsquo;)</li>
<li>pods (aka &lsquo;po&rsquo;)</li>
<li>replicasets (aka &lsquo;rs&rsquo;)</li>
<li>replicationcontrollers (aka &lsquo;rc&rsquo;)</li>
<li>roles</li>
<li>secrets</li>
<li>serviceaccounts (aka &lsquo;sa&rsquo;)</li>
<li>services (aka &lsquo;svc&rsquo;)</li>
<li>statefulsets</li>
</ul>
<p>常用附加的参数有：</p>
<ul>
<li>-o yaml  以yaml格式输出</li>
<li>-o json   以json格式输出</li>
<li>-o wide  列表输出详细信息</li>
<li>&ndash;name-space=kube-system 展示kube-system命名空间下的pods</li>
<li>&ndash;all-namespaces  展示全部命名空间下的pods</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl run nginx --image<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>nginx --replicas<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">5</span> --port<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">80</span>
</code></pre></div><p>这条命令执行完后会创建一个deployment，里面包含5个副本（pods），暴露容器的80端口，可以使用<code>kubectl get deploy</code>查看刚才创建的deployment</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl expose deploy nginx --port<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">8080</span> --target-port<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">80</span>
</code></pre></div><p>为刚才创建的deployment对象创建service代理，并通过Service的8080端口转发至容器的80端口上。可代理的资源有pod（po），service（svc），replication controller（rc），deployment（deploy），replica set（rs）</p>
<ul>
<li>&ndash;type  有三种，ClusterIP, NodePort, or LoadBalancer. 默认是ClusterIP，这种模式的service只能给集群内的pod访问，若需要外部访问集群内pod，则需要设置为NodePort模式。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl create -f docker-registry.yaml
</code></pre></div><p>从一个yaml文件中创建资源，资源类型由yaml文件定义，也可以后面加资源类型直接创建相关对象，比如</p>
<ul>
<li>role</li>
<li>configmap</li>
<li>quota</li>
<li>namespace</li>
<li>secret</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl edit deploy nginx
</code></pre></div><p>编辑nginx这个deployment的配置文件</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl delete deploy,svc nginx
</code></pre></div><p>删除标签为nginx的deployment及service对象</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl scale --replicas<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">3</span> deploy nginx
</code></pre></div><p>K8S当中的重头功能，对pods数量进行水平的扩容或者收缩，该命令将nginx这个deployment的副本数设置为3</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl patch deploy nginx -p <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;{&#34;spec&#34;:{&#34;unschedulable&#34;:true}}&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>更新nginx这个deployment中的指定字段</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl set image deployment nginx nginx<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>nginx:1.9.1
</code></pre></div><p>将nginx这个deployment的镜像更新为nginx:1.9.1，这个操作会触发deployment的滚动更新，通常用于应用更新</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl describe pod podid
</code></pre></div><p>输出指定资源的详细描述，支持的资源包括但不限于（大小写不限）：pods (po)、services (svc)、 replicationcontrollers (rc)、nodes (no)、events (ev)、componentstatuses (cs)、 limitranges (limits)、persistentvolumes (pv)、persistentvolumeclaims (pvc)、 resourcequotas (quota)和secrets</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl logs -f --tail<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">20</span> nginx
</code></pre></div><p>仅输出pod nginx中最近的20条日志</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl exec -it 123456-7890 /bin/sh
</code></pre></div><p>进入pod 123456-7890并分配一个交互终端</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">kubectl apply -f FILENAME
</code></pre></div><p>通过文件名或控制台输入，对资源进行配置。apply命令的使用方式同replace相同，不同的是，apply不会删除原有resource，然后创建新的。apply直接在原有resource的基础上进行更新。同时kubectl apply还会resource中添加一条注释，标记当前的apply。类似于git操作。</p>

        
                
        
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